Seguimiento a largo plazo tras el tratamiento percutáneo del tronco coronario izquierdo no protegido en pacientes de alto riesgo no aptos para cirugía de revascularización / Long-term follow-up after percutaneous treatment of the unprotected left main stenosis in high risk patients not suitable for bypass surgery

Introducción y objetivos. La intervención coronaria percutánea en pacientes con estenosis de tronco coronario izquierdo no protegido se recomienda en los casos que no son candidatos a cirugía de revascularización aortocoronaria. El seguimiento a largo plazo de estos pacientes continúa siendo incierto. Métodos. Se incluyó en el estudio a todos los pacientes consecutivos con un nuevo diagnóstico de estenosis de tronco coronario izquierdo no protegido tratados con implantación de stents. La indicación de la intervención coronaria percutánea se estableció según los criterios de asistencia estándar, teniendo en cuenta las condiciones clínicas y anatómicas desfavorables para la utilización de la cirugía de revascularización aortocoronaria. El objetivo de valoración principal es la aparición de eventos cardiacos adversos mayores, incluidos los casos de muerte, infarto agudo de miocardio no mortal y revascularización de la lesión diana. Resultados. Se incluyó en el análisis a un total de 226 pacientes consecutivos, de los que se trató a 202 (89,4%) con implantación de stents liberadores de fármacos. La media de edad era 72,1 años, el 41,1% de los pacientes tenían disfunción renal y las medias de la puntuación SYNTAX y del EuroSCORE fueron 28,9 y 7,4 respectivamente. Se alcanzó éxito angiográfico en el 99,6% de los pacientes y éxito de la intervención en el 92,9%. A los 3 años, las tasas de eventos cardiacos adversos mayores, muerte, infarto agudo de miocardio no mortal y revascularización de la lesión diana fueron del 36,2, el 25,2, el 8,4 y el 8,0% respectivamente. La revascularización de la lesión diana se observó con mayor frecuencia en los casos en que se habían implantado ≥ 2 stents, en comparación con los pacientes en quienes se había utilizado un solo stent (el 18,5 frente al 5,8%; p=0,03), así como en los pacientes en quiens se utilizaron stents metálicos sin recubrimiento, en comparación con los tratados con stents liberadores de fármacos (el 13,0% frente al 7,9%; p=0,24). Se observó una trombosis de stent definida en 2 pacientes (0,9%) y una trombosis de stent probable en 7 (3,1%). El sexo femenino, el deterioro de la función del ventrículo izquierdo y el uso de stents sin recubrimiento mostraron una relación significativa con la mortalidad por todas las causas. Conclusiones. Los pacientes de alto riesgo con una estenosis de tronco coronario izquierdo no protegido tratados con una intervención coronaria percutánea presentaron una tasa elevada de eventos cardiacos adversos mayores en el seguimiento a largo plazo. El sexo femenino, el deterioro de la función del ventrículo izquierdo y el uso de stents sin recubrimiento fueron factores predictivos de mal pronóstico (AU)

Introduction and objectives. Percutaneous coronary intervention is recommended in patients with unprotected left main stenosis non suitable for coronary artery bypass graft. Long-term follow-up of those patients remains uncertain. Methods. All patients with de novo unprotected left main stenosis treated with stent implantation were consecutively enrolled. Percutaneous coronary intervention was indicated according to the standards of care, taking into account clinical and anatomical conditions unfavorable for coronary artery bypass graft. The primary end point was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events, a composite of death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization. Results. Of 226 consecutive patients included, 202 (89.4%) were treated with drug-eluting stents. Mean age was 72.1 years, 41.1% had renal dysfunction, and mean Syntax score and EuroSCORE were 28.9 and 7.4, respectively. Angiographic and procedural success was achieved in 99.6% and 92.9% of patients. At 3.0 years, the rates of major adverse cardiac events, death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization were 36.2%, 25.2%, 8.4%, 8.0%, respectively. Target lesion revascularization was more frequently observed when ≥2 stents were implanted rather than a single stent (18.5% vs 5.8%, P=.03); and with bare metal stents rather than drug-eluting stents (13.0% vs 7.9%, P=.24). Definite stent thrombosis was observed in 2 patients (0.9%) and probable stent thrombosis in 7 (3.1%). Female sex, impaired left ventricular function, and use of bare metal stents were significantly related with all-cause mortality. Conclusions. High-risk patients with unprotected left main stenosis treated with percutaneous coronary intervention presented with a high rate of major adverse cardiac events at long-term follow-up. Female sex, impaired left ventricular function, and use of bare metal stents were predictors of poor prognosis (AU)

Long-term follow-up after percutaneous treatment of the unprotected left main stenosis in high risk patients not suitable for bypass surgery.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous coronary intervention is recommended in patients with unprotected left main stenosis non suitable for coronary artery bypass graft. Long-term follow-up of those patients remains uncertain. METHODS: All patients with de novo unprotected left main stenosis treated with stent implantation were consecutively enrolled. Percutaneous coronary intervention was indicated according to the standards of care, taking into account clinical and anatomical conditions unfavorable for coronary artery bypass graft. The primary end point was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events, a composite of death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: Of 226 consecutive patients included, 202 (89.4%) were treated with drug-eluting stents. Mean age was 72.1 years, 41.1% had renal dysfunction, and mean Syntax score and EuroSCORE were 28.9 and 7.4, respectively. Angiographic and procedural success was achieved in 99.6% and 92.9% of patients. At 3 years, the rates of major adverse cardiac events, death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization were 36.2%, 25.2%, 8.4%, 8.0%, respectively. Target lesion revascularization was more frequently observed when ≥ 2 stents were implanted rather than a single stent (18.5% vs 5.8%, P=.03); and with bare metal stents rather than drug-eluting stents (13.0% vs 7.9%, P=.24). Definite stent thrombosis was observed in 2 patients (0.9%) and probable stent thrombosis in 7 (3.1%). Female sex, impaired left ventricular function, and use of bare metal stents were significantly related with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk patients with unprotected left main stenosis treated with percutaneous coronary intervention presented with a high rate of major adverse cardiac events at long-term follow-up. Female sex, impaired left ventricular function, and use of bare metal stents were predictors of poor prognosis.